Apelin-13 (human, bovine, mouse, rat) CAS NO.217082-58-1

Apelin-13 (human, bovine, mouse, rat) (CAS NO. 217082-58-1) is a synthetic tridecapeptide representing the predominant, highly active C-terminal fragment of the endogenous Apelin peptide. This sequence (e.g., human: Gln-Arg-Pro-Arg-Leu-Ser-His-Lys-Gly-Pro-Met-Pro-Phe) is considered one of the most potent endogenous ligands for the G protein-coupled Apelin receptor (APJ/APLNR). It is a key regulator of cardiovascular function, fluid balance, and metabolism, and serves as a critical research tool in cardiovascular, metabolic, and central nervous system studies.

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TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS

Item	Specification
Product Name	Apelin‑13 (human, bovine, mouse, rat)
CAS NO.	217082‑58‑1
Appearance	White to off-white lyophilized powder
Molecular Formula	C₆₉H₁₀₈N₂₂O₁₅S
Molecular Weight	1654.80g/mol
Purity (RP-HPLC)	≥ 95.0%
Solubility	Soluble in water (≥5 mg/mL); soluble in 5% acetic acid or DMSO
Endotoxin	< 1.0 EU/mg
Biological Activity	Potent and endogenous agonist for APJ receptor; improves cardiac contractility, induces vasodilation, regulates fluid homeostasis, angiogenesis and energy metabolism.
Storage Conditions	Store at ‑20°C; long‑term at ‑80°C. Protect from light and moisture. Avoid repeated freeze‑thaw cycles.
Stock Location	Stock in USA
MOQ	1g

1.MECHANISM OF ACTION

Apelin-13 exerts its effects by binding to and activating the Apelin receptor (APJ), triggering tissue-specific G protein signaling:

Cardiovascular System (Predominantly Gi/o Coupling):
- Vasodilation: Activates endothelial Gi/o proteins, leading to eNOS phosphorylation, nitric oxide (NO) production, and vasodilation. It also antagonizes Angiotensin II signaling, opposing the Renin-Angiotensin System (RAS).
- Positive Inotropy: In the heart, it increases contractility through mechanisms that may involve both Gi and Gq pathways, enhancing cardiac output without increasing heart rate.
Central Nervous System: In the hypothalamus, it modulates fluid intake (reduces thirst), appetite, and neuroendocrine axes via APJ receptors.
Metabolism: In adipose tissue, it enhances glucose uptake and insulin sensitivity.
Angiogenesis: Promotes new blood vessel formation.

2.PRODUCT INDICATIONS

This peptide is widely used in diverse areas of physiological and pharmacological research. Key applications include:

Cardiovascular Research: Investigating its role as a vasodilator, inotropic agent, and cardioprotective factor in models of hypertension, heart failure, myocardial infarction, and pulmonary arterial hypertension.
Metabolism & Diabetes Research: Studying its effects on insulin sensitivity, glucose disposal, and adipose tissue function in models of obesity and type 2 diabetes.
Neuroscience: Exploring central roles in body fluid homeostasis (dipsogenesis), feeding behavior, neuroprotection, and mood disorders.
Angiogenesis & Cancer: Researching its pro-angiogenic effects in both physiological repair and pathological contexts like tumor growth.
Drug Discovery: Serving as the reference standard agonist for screening novel APJ receptor modulators (agonists/antagonists).

3.CLINICAL EFFICACY OF PRODUCT

Apelin-13 itself is in early-phase clinical investigation, demonstrating significant translational potential from robust preclinical data.

Cardiovascular Therapeutics: Preclinical studies consistently show Apelin-13 can lower blood pressure, improve cardiac function in heart failure, and protect the heart from ischemic injury. Early human clinical trials (Phase I/IIa) in patients with heart failure have demonstrated that intravenous Apelin-13 infusion produces potent peripheral and coronary vasodilation, increases cardiac output, and reduces preload and afterload with a favorable safety profile. It represents a promising novel therapy for acute heart failure.
Metabolic Disease Target: Its insulin-sensitizing effects in animals highlight its potential for treating metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes.
Validated Target: Research with Apelin-13 has been instrumental in validating the APJ receptor as a major therapeutic target, leading to significant investment in developing stable APJ agonists for cardiovascular and metabolic diseases.

4.DELIVERY & SHIPPING

We specialize in global logistics for various cosmetic peptides. Your order will be handled with the utmost care, ensuring safe, reliable, and intact delivery.
Professional and Secure Packaging
Each bottle of peptide is protected with a special packaging solution to ensure stability and integrity during transportation.
We can also customize packaging according to customer needs.
Shipping Methods
Main Method: International Air Freight

We primarily use DHL, FedEx, UPS, and TNT because of their global reliability, speed, and advanced tracking systems. Air freight ensures the fastest transit time and minimizes the impact of environmental factors on the product.